Baslanghyashta ...
“Baslanghyash” degen soz sol kitaptaghy birinshi ayattan shyqqan – “Baslanghyashta ...” Baslanghyashty oqyghanda biz waqyttyn, kenistiktin, galamnyn, jerdin jane barlyq jaratylghan tirsilik ielerinin baslanghyshyn nemese shyghuyn koreemiz. Biz sonymen qatar Bibliyadaghy negizgi doktrinalardyn kopshiliginin Baslanghyashtan bastaw alatynyn koreemiz. Biz Shaytanmen tanysamyz, ol Adam men Hawany azghyrdy, duniege kunani әkeldi jane adamdy Allahtan ajyrattady. Allahtyn adamgha wahiyin jane Onyn ghasyrlar boyy adamdarmen qarym-qatynasynyn sebebin tolyq tүsinw ushin, biz Onyn nege belgili bir adamlardy tandaghanyn jane nege adamnyn Oz Jaratuwshysymen tatwlaswyna mүmkindik beretin qurylymnyn bir boligi bolghan belgili bir amaldardy engizgenin bilwimiz kerek. Wәdeler berildi, ahdiler ornatyldy jane Jaratuwshygha degen senim qutqarw protsesinin ajyralmas boligi boldy.
Jazbalarda biz ahdilerdin әr tүrli tүrleri twraly oqymyz. Keybirewleri jeke adamdar, taypalar nemese ulttar arasynda boldy; basqalary Allah pen adam arasynda boldy. Koptegen adamdardyn esine birinshi keletin ahdi – On buyryq. Zang dep atalatyn bul shartty ahdi Allah Izrailmen jasady, eger olar Zandy saqtasa bereke berwge, al eger boysunbasady jazalawgha wәde berdi. Shartty ahdiler әdette “Eger sen ...” degen sozderden bastalady. (Shyghu 19:5; Zangqaytala 28:1-68)
Biraq shartty ahdilerge qaraghanda, Allahtyn keybir shartsyz ahdilerine nazar awdarayyq. Onyn qasietti, egemendi jane ozgermes sipatyna baylanysty, shartsyz ahdiler – Allahtyn “Men ...” degen sozinen keyin Onyn belgili bereketteri keletin jarıyalawlar. Bul ahdiler – Allahtyn bergen wәdeleri, olar oryndalady, oytkeni olar tek Oghan ghana baylanysty jane Onyn ozgermesdigine negizdelgen. (Baslanghyash 12:1-4; Baslanghyash 15:4-21; Zangqaytala 30:1-10; 2 Samuwil 7:10-16; Yeremiya 31:31-40)
WADELER AHDI
Abramnyn oqighasy bizdi osy shartsyz ahdilerdin birimen tanystyrady (Baslanghyash 12:1-4). Abram Urda turdy, bul qala ozinin butparastyq butqa tabynwymen, ay qudayy Nannargha arnalghan ulken ziggurat (terrasaly) ghıbadathanasymen belgili boldy. Allah Abramdy Urdy tastap, Oghan tabynwdy ornatw ushin belgisiz jerge barwgha shaqyrghanda, ol Allahqa sendi jane boysundy. Abramnyn ne kүtetinin bilmey, eshqanday kepildiksiz belgisiz jerge koshwining saldaryn qarastyratyn bolsaq – ne bolatynyn bilwge eshqanday kitap nemese sayahat beyneleri joq – biz onyn senimin tүsine bastaymyz. Abram Jazba jazylmay turyp, On buyryq berilmey turyp senimmen әreket etti.
Ol ozinin senimi arqyly aqtalady jane onyn men Allah arasynda shartsyz ahdide mangilik qarym-qatynas ornatyldy. “Rabby Abramgha bylay dedi: ‘Oz elindi, oz halqyn men әkenin uyin tastap, Men sagan korsetetin jerge bar. Men seni uly ultqa aylandıramyn jane sagan bereke beremin; Men senin atyndy uly etemin, jane sen bereke bolasyng. Men sagan bereke bergenderge bereke beremin, jane sagan qargys aitqandardy qargysqa ushyratamyn; jane jer betindegi barlyq halyqtar sen arqyly berekege ie bolady’” (Baslanghyash 12:1-3 NIV).
Allahtyn baslanghyashtan beri maqsaty Oz beynesindegi jaratylghan adammen qarym-qatynas jasaw boldy. Ókinishke oray, adam kuna jasady jane ol Oz Jaratuwshysymen qarym-qatynasty qalpyna keltirw ushin eshtene istey almady. Degenmen, Allahtyn adamzatty tatwlastyratyn jospary boldy, jane Abramgha berilgen wәdeler Onyn Izraildi qutqarw josparynyn progressivti wahiyinin manyzdy boligi boldy. Bul qutqarw wәde etilgen Mashih arqyly keledi, ol Abramnyn urpaqtarynan bolady jane aqyrynda barlyq adamlarga jane ulttargha qutqarw әkeledi.
Abram Allahtyn shaqyruyna boysundy, jane Allah oghan bereke berwge jane onyn urpaqtaryn uly ult etwge wәde berdi. Abramnyn uly joq edi, biraq ol oghan uly bolatynyn aitqan Allahqa sendi, jane odan quatty ult shyghady. “Abram Rabbigha sendi, jane bul oghan adildik retinde esepteledi” (Baslanghyash 15:6). Allah osy shartsyz ahdini sol kundegi salt-dasturmen bekitdi. Ahdi jasalghanda, janwar eki bolikke bolindi, jane qan ahdisin jasaghan eki adam bolikter arasynda jurdi, eger kelisim buzylsa, buzghan adam janwar siyaqty oltiriledi degen manyany bildirdi. “Menin ahdimdi buzghan adamdar ... menin aldymda jasaghan, men olardy eki bolikke bolip, sodan keyin onyn bolikteri arasynda jurgen buzaw siyaqty qaraymyn” (Yeremiya 34:18).
Allah Abramgha aldaghy saltanat ushin belgili bir janwarlardy dayyndawdy buyyrdy (Baslanghyash 15:9-10). Allahtyn tandaghan janwarlary Zang ahdisi boyynsha jasalatyn qurbandyqtarda qoldanylatyn tүrler boldy. Abram boysunyp olardy oltirdi jane Allahpen birge bolikter arasynda jurwge dayyn boldy. Ol kүtip turganda, jyrqysh qustar oleqselerge toyimga keldi, mүmkin Shaytannyn Allahtyn jumysynan alyp ketwge umtylghanynyn sureti (Matta 13:4,19). Abram olardy quyp jiberdi. Sodan keyin onyn ustine tereń uyqy kelgende, Allah soyledi jane buryn berilgen wәdelerdi rastady, odan keyin tүtin shyghatyn ot qazany men jalyn shashqan sham payda boldy jane oltirilgen janwarlardyn bolikteri arasynda otti. Allah ghana bolikter arasynda otti, bul ahdinin shartsyz ekenin jane onyn oryndalwyna tek Oghan ghana baylanysty ekenin korsetti. Jerge qatysty ahdi de sol kezde rastaldy, Abramnyn urpaqtary ielene alatynday jerin korsetti – “Mysyr ozennin Yewfratqa deyin” (Baslanghyash 15:17).
Abramdyq ahdinin ush tүrli kategoriyasy boldy: 1. Izrail ielene alatynday jer wadesi, Palestinalyq Ahdi (Baslanghyash 12:1; Baslanghyash 13:15-17); 2. Mangilik taqqa әkeletin uly ultqa aylanatyn urpaqtar wadesi (Baslanghyash 12:2; Baslanghyash 13:16; Baslanghyash 17:2-6), Dawittik Ahdi (2 Samuwil 7:11-16; Yeremiya 33:20-21; Yeremiya 31:35-37); 3. Barlyq halyqtargha qutqarw mүmkindigin boljaytyn barlyq ulttargha bereke wadesi, Jana Ahdi (Baslanghyash 12:3; Baslanghyash 22:18; Galatiyalyqtar 3:16).
Bul ush bolikti ahdini sozbajylyq tүrde tүsindirw kerek, jane qate tүsindirwge jane auyr qatelikke әkeletin tүrlerge ruhaniylandyrmaw kerek. Izrail ultyna arnalghan ahdilerdi Shirkeuge qoldanw koptegen shataswshylyqqa әkeldi. Jazbany durys tүsindirw ushin, Shirkeuge qatysty oqytwlardy әrqashan Shirkeu doktrinalary retinde qoldanw kerek. Dәl osy ereje Izrailge qatysty oqytwlargha da qatysty, jane sol siyaqty Butparastyq ulttargha qatysty oqytwlargha da qatysty. Olardy ozgertwge bolmaydy.
Izrail әkesi Abramnan bastaw alghan ahdiler Allahtyn ahdi halqy Izrail ushin jasalghan. Sol ahdinin Izrailden tysqa shyghatyn jalghyz boligi – Jana Ahdi, barlyq adamlarga bereke wadesi. Izrailge qatysty, Pawyl Rimdikterge bylay dedi: “Olardiki – uldyqqa qabyldaw; olardiki – ilahi danq, ahdiler, Zandy qabyldaw, ghıbadathana qyzmeti jane wәdeler” (Rimdikter 9:4).
Bizge sonymen qatar Butparastyq ulttardyn ahdilerden tys ekeni aitylady: “Esterinizde bolsyn, sizder buryn tuwylwymen Butparastylar bolghansyzdar jane ozderin ‘sunnetke otyrghyzylghan’ dep ataytyndar tarapynan ‘sunnetke otyrghyzylmaghandar’ dep atalghansyzdar – sol kezde sizder Mәsihten ajyratylghansyzdar, Izraildegi azamattyqtan shygharylghansyzdar jane wәde ahdilerine jat adamdar bolghansyzdar, duniede umitsiz jane Allahtan tys bolghansyzdar” (Efester 2:11-12). Izrailge aqyrynda ielene alatynday jer wәde etildi, al Shirkeuge aspandyq muragerlik wәde etildi (Filipilikter 3:20).
Abramnyn senimi sebebinen, Allah onyn atynyn uly bolatynyn wәde etti; onyn urpaqtarynan birinin arqasynda jer betindegi barlyq otbasylar men ulttar berekege ie bolady; oghan jane onyn urpaghyna Palestina beriledi; odan patshalar shyghady; jane bul ahdi “mangilik” bolady. Allah barlyq adamlarga bereke berwdi qalaydy, biraq odan da manyzdysy, Onyn tilegi – barlyghynyn qutqarylwy. Peter Allah sabrly ekenin aytady, “eshkimnin joyylwyn qalamaydy, biraq barlyghynyn okinishke kelwin qalaydy” (2 Peter 3:9).
PALESTINALYQ AHDI
Endi Abramdyq ahdinin birinshi boligine, Abram men onyn urpaqtaryna jer berw wadesine nazar awdarayyq. “Rabby Abramgha bylay dedi ... ‘Kozindi koterip, turghan jerinnen soltүstikke jane ontүstikke, shyghysqa jane batysqa qarashy. Sen korgen barlyq jerdi men sagan jane senin urpaghyna mangilikke beremin. Men senin urpaghyndy jer shany siyaqty etemin ... Bar, jerdi boylay jane enine qaray jur, oytkeni men onı sagan beremin’” (Baslanghyash 13:14-17).
Izrail Abramgha wәde etilgen barlyq jerdi eshqashan ielenbegen, tipti Dawit pen Solomon kezinde de emes. Izrail men Yahuwdanyn patshalary kezinde, butparastyq jane jaman amaldar Allahtyn ultqa tutqynshylyqqa jiberwine sebep boldy, biraq Ol olar okinse, olardy jerge qaytarwgha wәde berdi. “Rabby senin Allahtyn ... seni shashyratqan barlyq ulttardan seni qaytadan jinaydy. Tipti eger sen aspannyn astyndaghy en alysqy jerge quwylghan bolsan da, sol jerden Rabbiy senin Allahtyn seni jinaydy jane seni qaytarady ... әkelerinnin jerine” (Zangqaytala 30:3).
Allahtyn adal emes Izraildi jazalawy – olar jerge qaytarylmas buryn Butparastyq ulttardyn ustemdiginde bolady. Bul jerge qayta oraluw Izrail 1948 jyly Palestinada ult bolghanda bastaldy. Degenmen, Palestinalyq Ahdinin tolyq oryndalwyna deyin, Shirkeu kezeni Rapturemen ayaqtalady, odan keyin Izrail ushin jeti jyl Qiyinshylyq bolady. Odan keyin, wәde etilgen Mashih qaytyp keledi, Oz patshalyghyn ornatady jane 1000 jyl biyleydi. Bul sonymen qatar Dawittik Ahdinin oryndaluw kezeni bolady, sol kezde Mәsih, Abramnyn patsha Dawit liniyasy arqyly urpaghy, adildikte biyleydi.
DAWITTİK AHDI
Abramgha berilgen wәde, onyn urpaqtarynan uly ult shyghady degen, Izraildi alghash ret әlem quatyna aylandyrghan patsha Dawitke rastaldy. Allah “menin juregime say adam” dep ataghan Dawit (Elshiler 13:22), Allahtyn ghıbadat etiletin birinshi ghıbadathanany salwgha erekshe tilegi boldy. Allah payghambar Natangha korindi, ol Dawitke onyn urpaqtary men taqyna qatysty mangilik ahdini rastady: “Senin uyin men senin patshalyghyn menin aldymda mangilikke saqtalady; senin taqyn mangilikke ornatylady” (2 Samuwil 7:16). Allah Abramgha berilgen bastapqy wәdeni Dawit liniyasyna deyin taraytty, odan uly Patsha jane әlem Qutqarwshysy shyghady.
Biz buryn korgenimizdey, Mәsih Oz kelinshegi men birge jer betinde biylewge qaytyp kelgende, Izrail Onı ozderinin Mashihy retinde tanydy, jane Onyn ozderi qabyldamaghan jane “tesken” Adam ekenin de tүsinedi (Zәkariya 12:10). “Qaranız, Ol buluttarmen kele jatyr, jane әrbir koz Onı koredi, tipti Onı teskender de” (Ashu 1:7). Ol uly quat pen danqpen qaytyp keledi, Onyn dushpandary joyylady jane Ol patshalar Patshasy jane rabbylar Rabbysy retinde korinedi (Ashu 19:11-21). “Onyn shapanında jane sanynda myna at jazylghan: PATSHALAR PATSHASY JANE RABBYLAR RABBYsy” (Ashu 19:16). Dawittik Ahdinin oryndalwy Mәsih Ierusalimde taqqa otyryp, 1000 jyl biylewdi bastaghanda bolady. Sol kezde Izrail dinin ozgertedi jane Jana Ahdinin igiligine ie bolady.
JANA AHDI
Yeremiya 31:33-34-te biz mangilik jane Allahtyn Izrail ushin ornatatyn Jana Ahdi twraly oqymyz: “Bul men Izrail uyimen sol waqyttan keyin jasaytyn ahdi ... Men Oz zangymdy olardyn oylaryna salyp, olardyn jureklerine jazamyn. Men olardyn Allahtary bolamyn, jane olar menin halqym bolady. Endi eshbir adam oz koreshisine ... ‘Rabbydy tany’ dep uyretpeydi, oytkeni olardyn barlyghy Meni tanydy ... Oytkeni men olardyn zulumdyghyn keshiremin jane olardyn kunalarin endi eshqashan eske almaymyn.” Bul Izraildin ulttyq dinin ozgertwi jane Abramgha berilgen wәdenin oryndalwy bolady.
Degenmen, Jana Ahdide Izrailge qatysty nәrseden basqa da kop nәrse bar. Allah barlyq adamlarga bereke berwge wәde bergen edi, sondyqtan Izrailge arnalghan Jana Ahdinin negizi barlyq adamlarga bereke berw negizi bolyp tabylady. Allahtyn maqsaty әrqashan әrbir tirsilik iyesinin Onyn bereketterin alwgha mүmkindigi bolwy boldy.
Eski Testamenttaghy qan qurbandyqtary kunakar adamdy qutqarw negizi retinde Qasietti Allahty eshqashan qanağattandyra almady. Bul qurbandyqtar senimmen jane boysunwmen usynylghanda Allah tarapynan qabyldandy, biraq olar kunani eshqashan tazartyp nemese joya almady. “Sol qurbandyqtar kunalardyn jyl sayynghy eske salwshysy, oytkeni buqa men eshki qanynyn kunalardy joyuwy mүmkin emes. Sondyqtan, Mәsih duniege kelgende, Ol bylay dedi: ‘Qurbandyq pen usynysty sen qalamadyn, biraq sen maghan dene dayyndadyn; ortenetin qurbandyqtar men kuna qurbandyqtaryna sen riza bolmadyn.’ Sodan keyin men ayttym: ‘Mine, men keldim – men twraly jazbada jazylghan – men senin erkindi oryndawgha keldim, Ya Allah’” (Evreyler 10:3-7).
Eski Testament qurbandyqtary keletin zattardyn tүrleri boldy. Allahtyn Qozysynyn bir kamil qurbandyghymen, janwar qurbandyqtaryna odan әri qajettilik bolmady: “Bul ruhani qyzmetshi kunalar ushin bir qurbandyq usynghan son, Ol Allahtyn on jaghynda otyrdy. Sol waqyttan beri Ol Oz dushpandaryn Oz ayaghynyn astyna qoyylghanyn kүtedi, oytkeni bir qurbandyq arqyly Ol mangilikke tazartylghandardy kamil etti. Qasietti Ruh ta bizge bul twraly kwәlik beredi. Ol bylay deydi: ‘Bul men olarmen sol waqyttan keyin jasaytyn ahdi ... Men Oz zangymdy olardyn jureklerine salyp, olardyn oylaryna jazamyn’” (Evreyler 10:12-16).
Rabby kamil bolatyn jane yahudiyler, butparastylar jane barlyq ulttardyn adamlary qutqaryla alatyn Jana Ahdini ornatatyn wәde etilgen Adam boldy. Onyn bir qan qurbandyghy barlyq adamlardyn qutqarw negizi boldy. Olar Mәsih jumysy sebebinen Jana Ahdinin bereketterine ie bolady: “Bul qupiya – injil arqyly butparastylar Izrailmen birge muragerler, bir denenin mushteri jane Mәsih Isa arqyly wәdede birge bolwshylar” (Efester 3:6).
Rabby satqynshylyqqa ushyraghan tүni Ol nan men sharapty – Onyn denelenwi, azaby jane qan qurbandyghynyn simvoldaryn – aldy, jane shәkirtterge sharap ishwdi buyyrghanda, “Ol keseni alyp, bylay dedi: ‘Bul kese menin qanymdaghy Jana Ahdi, ol sender ushin togilgen’” (Luqa 22:20).
Mәsih qandaghy qurbandyq krestte Jana Ahdinin negizi jane buryn janwar qurbandyqtaryn senimmen usynghan barlyq adamlardyn qutqarw negizi boldy. Onyn qurbandyghy Eski Testament tүrlerinin oryndalwy boldy, jane Isa biylewge kelgende Izraildin qutqarw negizi bolady. Sonymen qatar, Onyn qurbandyghy Pentekostten beri jane Rapturege deyin Oghan senim bildirgen barlyq adamlarga qutqarw esigin ashty. “Osı sebepten Mәsih Jana Ahdinin deldaly, shaqyrylghandar wәde etilgen mangilik muragerlikti alw ushin – Ol birinshi ahdi boyynsha jasalghan kunalardan olardy azat etw ushin tolem retinde olgennen keyin” (Evreyler 9:15).
Rabbygha senw arqyly qutqarw alghanymyzdan keyin, bizdin mangilik bereketterimiz anyq, oytkeni Onyn ayaqtalghan jumysy Ibrahimmen jasalghan bastapqy ahdini iske asyrdy jane oryndady.
